This PCI Express (PCIe) reference design demonstrates a high-speed serial interface developed in 2003 for the computing industry. PCIe uses a point-to-point architecture with dedicated lanes for sending and receiving data. Each connection consists of two unidirectional lanes for transmit and one for receive, making it a bidirectional interface. To achieve higher data rates, you can combine multiple lanes (up to 16) in parallel. The design supports PCIe Generations 1 through 6, providing full compatibility with a wide range of data rates and system requirements. It accommodates multiple clocking architectures, including Common Clock, Separate Refclk with No Spread (SRNS), and Separate Refclk Independent Spread (SRIS), making it highly adaptable for diverse system topologies.